Emerging Perspectives on Multiband Fractaland Hybrid Fractal Antennas for Wireless Applications: A Comprehensive Analysis

Abstract

In the rapidly evolving field of wireless communications, the demand for compact, efficient, and versatile antenna systems has led to significant interest in multiband hybrid fractal antennas. This paper presents a brief overview to the basic fractal structures and their utilization to develop hybrid fractal patch antenna design. The key interest areas are multiband behaviour, acceptable return loss, voltage standing wave ratio, gain and reduced complexity. Many studies have simulated and examined the antenna using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) and Finite Element Method (FEM) based techniques. Various antenna performance parameters such return loss, resonant frequency, bandwidth, and gain are observed and the findings of several articles have been presented. The compact size, multiband/wideband features, and extensive utility in wireless applications make the fractal antenna a promising field of study. These antennas are so popular because of their electrically vast construction, which neatly folds into small spaces.