A Fractal Array Antenna: A Review of the State of the Art

Abstract

Possible array antennas with programmable multibeam, broadband, high end of coverage, high gain, less side-lobe level with wider side-lobe level angles, improved signal-to-noise ratio, and small size are required for modern astronomical and other advanced wireless communication systems. This has sparked numerous schools of thought on the subject of array antennas, one of which employs fractal array antennas. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of current developments in fractal array antenna design. To better understand how fractal antennas function, a primer on the theory behind them is presented. In addition, comparative research of the present state-of-the-art in antenna miniaturisation, gain, and Bandwidth augmentation with fractal array are performed.